The idea that racism could help sustain a social structure challenges my instinctive belief that it exists only to hinder progress, growth, and critical thought. However, as Memmi (1965) argues, colonialism is inseparable from racism; without it, the colonial order could not survive. While deeply uncomfortable, this acknowledgment forces me to consider how societies organize themselves and how social order—however unjust—becomes normalized and reproduced. Racism, in this cont

Identity development theory was the central focus of my first child and adolescent psychology course in 1995. That introduction framed identity as an evolving process—one in which children and adolescents naturally progress through developmental stages as part of life’s broader cycle. Erikson (1980) describes ego identity as fluid, continuously reshaped as individuals encounter new experiences, including interactions with people of different races, religions, genders, and wor

It is 7/2019. I wrote this in 1/2015. Have we now grown into 'acceptance' and cured ourselves of the limited concept of 'tolerance'?